Design Thinking, particularly the Double Diamond Model developed by the Design Council, has expanded from product and industrial design to environmental, spatial, digital media, and visual communication design. This model divides the design process into four stages: Discover, Define, Develop, and Deliver. In residential design, the “human-oriented” concept emphasizes creating spaces that prioritize users’ material and spiritual needs. This paper focuses on the Discover phase, which involves understanding problems, clarifying needs, gathering information, and generating inspiration. By systematically analyzing existing methods like observation, interviews, questionnaires, and situational research, the study aims to refine these approaches into a cohesive methodology for residential design. Through literature analysis, a design model and toolkit for the Discover phase are constructed, offering a comprehensive reference for applying Design Thinking in residential design. This research provides a structured approach to problem discovery, ensuring designers can effectively identify and address user needs in spatial environments.