In the global digital era, artificial intelligence has become a dominant trend, and its technologies offer significant advantages across various sectors. Numerous studies have highlighted the positive impact of digital media technologies and non-heritage cultures (NRMs). NRMs, characterized by vibrancy, inheritance, ethnicity, and locality, are key representations of human cultural diversity. They play a crucial role in fostering national cohesion, strengthening cultural identity, and promoting cultural exchange and innovation. This study explores how virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) can enhance users’ understanding of non-heritage cultures. These technologies have been employed to improve the user experience in both NRMs conservation and digital tourism. With the rapid development of new technologies and the growing demand for non-heritage culture experiences, there are more opportunities to enrich digital experiences related to NRMs, enabling users to learn about NRMs across different countries. This paper provides a literature review of the learning outcomes and user experiences related to digital NRMs, as well as the latest VR and AR technologies and their applications. The aim of this study is to compare two modalities—mobile augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR)—in terms of user experience, learning outcomes, and mobile learning. The findings of this study could contribute to a deeper understanding of the current state of research in virtual reality and digital heritage.