How Display Types of Non-Driving Related Tasks Affect Driver Performance and Situation Awareness in Conditionally Automated Driving?
摘要
This study explored how display types for non-driving-related tasks (NDRTs) influence driving performance, gaze behavior, and situation awareness (SA) after takeover requests (TOR) during conditionally automated driving (CAD). Current legal regulations, such as those from JAMA and NHTSA, restrict the display of non-driving-related information while driving. As advancements in autonomous driving occur, there is an increasing need to research optimal display types for NDRTs to ensure safety. In this pilot study, three participants completed eight trials under CAD, with two repetitions in four different display types: Baseline, HUD, cellphone, and center console. The dependent variables measured were TOR time, gaze entropy, and SA accuracy. Participants were instructed to properly respond to TORs triggered by road obstacles in a two-lane urban driving environment. The results indicated that the HUD resulted in faster TOR reaction times and the highest gaze entropy, both of which corresponded to a high level of SA. Under HUD, drivers were able to keep their eyes consistently focused on the road, leading to the quickest reaction times and enhanced SA. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into designing in-vehicle displays in autonomous vehicles, particularly in optimizing configurations for NDRTs.