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This chapter attempts to reconstruct the various networks of criminological thinkers responsible for designing the tools used to prosecute war criminals after 1945. Emil Stanisław Rappaport (1877–1965) was one of the few criminologists preparing for the horrors of war long before 1939. Today, outside a handful of specialists, few people would even recognize his name. Raphaël (Rafał) Lemkin is well-known as the force behind recognition of genocide as a crime and a pioneer of international criminal prosecution. This chapter argues that Lemkin—and Hersch Lauterpacht, the author of “crimes against humanity”—were the culmination of a much longer transformation in European criminology.

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From “Defence of Society” to “Crimes Against Humanity”: The Role of Polish Criminology in Post-World War II Justice

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Zachary Mazur

摘要

This chapter attempts to reconstruct the various networks of criminological thinkers responsible for designing the tools used to prosecute war criminals after 1945. Emil Stanisław Rappaport (1877–1965) was one of the few criminologists preparing for the horrors of war long before 1939. Today, outside a handful of specialists, few people would even recognize his name. Raphaël (Rafał) Lemkin is well-known as the force behind recognition of genocide as a crime and a pioneer of international criminal prosecution. This chapter argues that Lemkin—and Hersch Lauterpacht, the author of “crimes against humanity”—were the culmination of a much longer transformation in European criminology.