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This study presents a detailed evaluation of water quality in Kaithal District, Haryana, by integrating physio-chemical and microbial parameters with advanced GIS mapping and statistical analysis. Water samples from 20 locations, including ponds and canals, were analysed for total solids (TSs: 1500–9000 mg/L), total dissolved solids (TDSs: 135–1367 mg/L), total suspended solids (TSSs: 100–700 mg/L), pH (3.9–4.6), biological oxygen demand (BOD: 6.8–20.2 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD: 2–28.48 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (DO: 0.9–7.79 mg/L), hardness (105–215 mg/L), chloride (79.98–240.05 mg/L), total acidity (105–480 mg/L), nitrate (NO3: 1.5–4.7 mg/L), phosphate (PO4: 0.44–0.9 mg/L), total coliforms (12.9–542.2 MPN/100 mL), and faecal coliforms (20.1–110.2 MPN/100 mL). The Water Quality Index (WQI) values showed a broad spectrum of water quality, ranging from excellent to unsuitable, with a range of 79.86–359.56, respectively. The WQI was found to be 359.56 and 267.49, respectively, at Patti Khot and Surya Kund, identifying these areas as inappropriate and very poor, respectively, indicating significant water issues in the quality of water. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations among various parameters of water quality, with a positive correlation (0.61) between biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation (−0.90) between dissolved oxygen (DO) and BOD. Geographic information system (GIS) mapping provided valuable spatial information about the dispersal of water quality parameters, effectively pinpointing severely contaminated areas in Kaithal District. In summation, the study highlights the need for advanced strategies of water management that incorporate digital technologies to facilitate sustainable resource utilization throughout the region.

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Comprehensive Water Quality Assessment and GIS-Based Analysis in Kaithal District: Integrating Digital Technologies and Statistical Methods

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Anamika Kumari Gautam,
  • Gaurav Singh,
  • Bhupender Parashar,
  • Lokesh Gupta,
  • Nitin Bhardwaj,
  • Pushpendra Kumar Sharma,
  • Bishnu Kant Shukla

摘要

This study presents a detailed evaluation of water quality in Kaithal District, Haryana, by integrating physio-chemical and microbial parameters with advanced GIS mapping and statistical analysis. Water samples from 20 locations, including ponds and canals, were analysed for total solids (TSs: 1500–9000 mg/L), total dissolved solids (TDSs: 135–1367 mg/L), total suspended solids (TSSs: 100–700 mg/L), pH (3.9–4.6), biological oxygen demand (BOD: 6.8–20.2 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD: 2–28.48 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (DO: 0.9–7.79 mg/L), hardness (105–215 mg/L), chloride (79.98–240.05 mg/L), total acidity (105–480 mg/L), nitrate (NO3: 1.5–4.7 mg/L), phosphate (PO4: 0.44–0.9 mg/L), total coliforms (12.9–542.2 MPN/100 mL), and faecal coliforms (20.1–110.2 MPN/100 mL). The Water Quality Index (WQI) values showed a broad spectrum of water quality, ranging from excellent to unsuitable, with a range of 79.86–359.56, respectively. The WQI was found to be 359.56 and 267.49, respectively, at Patti Khot and Surya Kund, identifying these areas as inappropriate and very poor, respectively, indicating significant water issues in the quality of water. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations among various parameters of water quality, with a positive correlation (0.61) between biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation (−0.90) between dissolved oxygen (DO) and BOD. Geographic information system (GIS) mapping provided valuable spatial information about the dispersal of water quality parameters, effectively pinpointing severely contaminated areas in Kaithal District. In summation, the study highlights the need for advanced strategies of water management that incorporate digital technologies to facilitate sustainable resource utilization throughout the region.