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The study investigates soil salinity and its spatiotemporal variability in the Thamirabarani River Basin (TRB) in Southern India to understand its relations with environmental parameters like soil moisture, land surface temperature, and potential evapotranspiration. The multivariate statistical indices were applied to analyze Landsat–OLI/TIRS, ETM+, and TM images for 1997, 2011, and 2022. The result shows the soil salinity index (SSI) value at the rate of 0.405–0.0207 in 1997, and it increased to 0.56 to −0.23 in 2011 while significantly decreasing to 0.26 to −0.44 in 2022, but higher salinity in soils spatially extended in a more extensive part of the basin. In the basin, SSI is directly influenced by land surface temperature (LST), soil moisture, potential evapotranspiration (PET), and rainfall factors (RF). It causes the spatial extent of salt-affected soils in various parts, typically related to the higher LST and PET but poor rainfall rates. An increase in soil salinity reduces the fertility rate and causes erosion and runoff. Besides, soil salinity reduces moisture content by decreasing water holding capacity, retention, and soil-water availability, affecting plant growth. Lower soil moisture can increase salt content in soils to a considerable extent. Overall, the study provides a primary database on spatiotemporal characteristics of soil salinity and its related properties. It has become a vital sustainable soil resource management source in the basin area.

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Assessment of Soil Salinity and Environmental Parameters Variability Using Remote Sensing Indices and Landsat TM–OLI/TIRS Data: A Case Study of River Thamirabarani Basin, South India

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • S. Kaliraj,
  • Hisham Mohamed,
  • C. Lakshumanan

摘要

The study investigates soil salinity and its spatiotemporal variability in the Thamirabarani River Basin (TRB) in Southern India to understand its relations with environmental parameters like soil moisture, land surface temperature, and potential evapotranspiration. The multivariate statistical indices were applied to analyze Landsat–OLI/TIRS, ETM+, and TM images for 1997, 2011, and 2022. The result shows the soil salinity index (SSI) value at the rate of 0.405–0.0207 in 1997, and it increased to 0.56 to −0.23 in 2011 while significantly decreasing to 0.26 to −0.44 in 2022, but higher salinity in soils spatially extended in a more extensive part of the basin. In the basin, SSI is directly influenced by land surface temperature (LST), soil moisture, potential evapotranspiration (PET), and rainfall factors (RF). It causes the spatial extent of salt-affected soils in various parts, typically related to the higher LST and PET but poor rainfall rates. An increase in soil salinity reduces the fertility rate and causes erosion and runoff. Besides, soil salinity reduces moisture content by decreasing water holding capacity, retention, and soil-water availability, affecting plant growth. Lower soil moisture can increase salt content in soils to a considerable extent. Overall, the study provides a primary database on spatiotemporal characteristics of soil salinity and its related properties. It has become a vital sustainable soil resource management source in the basin area.