In 2021, before the COVID-19 era, 1.6 million people died from tuberculosis. This means that more people die from tuberculosis than from AIDS, malaria, leprosy, and other tropical diseases combined. In the period 1700–1900, around one billion people died from tuberculosis! It is rightly called the “captain of death.” The cause of tuberculosis remained hidden until 1882 and was the subject of controversy in the medical world. The history of tuberculosis took a dramatic turn when, on March 24, 1882, Robert Koch gave his famous lecture “On Tuberculosis” to the Berlin Physical Society and revealed the culprit of this deadly disease: it was a bacillus, and it was given the scientific name Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A microscope, a dye, a housewife, and her gelling agent for making jam are the components of a medical story that has moved the world and culminated in the development of the first vaccination against tuberculosis known as BCG vaccine.