The models introduced in this chapter are derived from assumptions about real driving behavior such as keeping a “safe distance” from the leading vehicle, driving at a desired speed, or preferring accelerations to be within a comfortable range. Additionally, kinematical aspects are taken into account, such as the quadratic relation between braking distance and speed. We introduce two examples: The Gipps’ model and the Intelligent Driver Model which is then extended to a model for adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems. This chapter also describes how to include stochasticity to car-following models. Characteristics that are specific to the human nature, like erroneous judgement, reaction time, and multi-anticipation, are discussed in the next chapter.