This study examines the connection between sustainable manufacturing and ergonomic work design. It focuses on the impact of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among garment workers in a Vietnamese SME factory who are responsible for quality inspection. The study uses the Rapid Entire Body Assessment technique and discovers medium to high-risk levels of WMSDs, indicating the need for comprehensive ergonomic intervention. The proposed ergonomic solutions are tailored to the anthropometric nuances of this demographic and include redesigning workstations and enhancing work methods and training. The study goes beyond ergonomics by advocating for significant reductions in waste through more effective work processes, promoting environmental sustainability. The research also highlights the economic benefits of optimized task sequencing and work design to increase value-added activities at the cellular manufacturing level. This holistic approach, which combines environmental sustainability with economic effectiveness and improved human health, is a paradigm shift toward sustainable manufacturing. The interventions aim to reduce stress, fatigue, and risks, leading to a healthier workforce and setting a benchmark for sustainable practices in industries that involve intense human-machine interactions.