In elementary mechanics problems, understanding the forces acting on an object and how each one influences its motion can be challenging. To address this, error-based simulation (EBS) is used to model how learners behave when providing incorrect answers. However, most conventional EBS systems are simulated on 2D screens, which makes it difficult to realize the errors effectively. Furthermore, problems involving inertia, such as throwing a ball upward in a moving train, often confuse learners, but few studies have explored this issue. In this study, we developed a system aimed at enhancing learners’ understanding of mechanics by using EBS in a VR environment, allowing users to move their viewpoint. Experimental results showed that while the system did not support the effectiveness of viewpoint switching, the VR-EBS overall had a certain learning effect. Moreover, questionnaire responses indicated that learners who used viewpoint switching were more likely to report that the system helped improve their understanding of mechanics. However, we found that the system did not promote viewpoint switching or provide adequate feedback. These issues will be addressed in future work.