This article presents the history of research on the Antikythera Mechanism from its discovery in 1902 in the eponymous shipwreck kept at the Archaeological Museum of Athens to the current day in 2025. The first theories and dates were formulated in 1902 by the archaeologists Ioannis Svoronos and Adolph Wilhelm on the basis of some of the inscriptions. At the same time, the naval officer Periklis Rediadis tried to interpret the gearing. In 1905, the philologist Albert Rehm was the first to suggest that the Mechanism was a planetarium. The admiral Ioannis Theophanides constructed the first model in 1934. Working on the Mechanism from 1958 onwards, the historian of science Derek de Solla Price obtained permission to take X-rays of it in 1971, performed by the physicist Charalampos Karakalos, from which Price constructed a new model displaying the motions of the sun and the moon. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Michael Wright and Alan Bromley conducted the first 3D X-ray imaging, and Wright made a new model comprising hypothetical planetary gearing and spiral dials on the back, identifying the upper back dial as a calendar. In 2005, an interdisciplinary team created the Antikythera Mechanism Research Project and obtained new imagery using the latest IT and photo technology. Based on this imagery, much more of the inscriptions were revealed, the lower back dial was identified as an eclipse dial, and the planetary hypothesis was confirmed by the reading of the inscriptions. Since then, the planetary gearing has been challenged by other scholars, and a diving campaign has been initiated in order to find the lost gears.