This study explores the usability and safety of information interface layouts and alarm display modalities in intelligent infusion pumps. Compared to traditional infusion devices, intelligent infusion pumps emphasize visual interaction, making operational accuracy a critical factor influencing patient safety and healthcare costs. The rational design of interface layouts is therefore pivotal in enhancing healthcare practitioners’ operational efficiency and safeguarding patient well-being. With the advancement of intelligent monitoring technologies, various alarm modalities have been integrated into infusion pumps to provide real-time feedback on abnormal conditions, further highlighting the importance of effective alarm design in promoting usability and safety. In this research, four representative information interface layouts and three alarm display modalities commonly implemented in mainstream intelligent infusion pumps were analyzed. A web-based simulation experiment was designed to replicate user interaction scenarios. Usability was quantitatively assessed using metrics such as task completion time, subtask completion time, subjective preference, and the System Usability Scale. Safety was evaluated comprehensively through the NASA Task Load Index, error rate, and error correction time. The findings reveal that three-zone layouts and vertical interface designs significantly enhance operational efficiency, while the combined use of text and icon alarms improves information saliency and accelerates users’ response times. These results underscore the critical importance of rational interface layout design and optimized alarm display modalities in enhancing the usability and safety of intelligent infusion pumps. This study provides empirical evidence and actionable insights for the optimization of intelligent infusion pump interfaces, offering valuable guidance for their clinical application. By advancing the usability and safety of these systems, this research aims to facilitate the broader adoption of intelligent infusion pumps in healthcare, ultimately contributing to improved service quality and heightened patient safety standards.