With the increasing adoption of vital signs monitors beyond medical professionals to general users, ensuring the clarity and interpretability of visual alarm information has become critical. In alarm states, it is essential that users can accurately perceive, understand, and respond to the conveyed information. This study examines the usability and interpretability of visual alarm displays in vital signs monitors by manipulating three key variables: alarm parameter color (red, green), alarm tag (present, absent), and interpretation area (present, absent). A user study was conducted, employing task completion time, task correct rate, the System Usability Scale (SUS), and user comprehension ratings to assess efficiency, effectiveness, usability, and interpretability. The results indicate that alarm parameter color and alarm tag significantly impact the efficiency and accuracy of alarm message recognition, while all three factors—alarm parameter color, alarm tag, and interpretation area—affect user satisfaction. Among these, alarm parameter color exerts the greatest influence, followed by the alarm tag and interpretation area. Notably, the presence of an interpretation area significantly enhances user comprehension, and the highest user satisfaction is achieved when the alarm tag and interpretation area are present, with red alarm parameters. This study provides design recommendations to improve alarm interfaces, aiming to enhance the effectiveness of vital signs monitors and reduce the risk of misinterpretation and incorrect decision-making. By addressing a research gap in the impact of visual alarm elements on user interpretation, this work contributes to human-computer interaction research and offers valuable insights for medical device designers and manufacturers.