This study aimed to test whether students could effectively apply lighting knowledge to 3D rendering software through VR virtual photography studio. The study was inspired by the authors’ observation that design students are often unable to apply lighting techniques in 3D rendering processes. Therefore, we adopted an experimental approach to compare learning outcomes in a photography lighting course conducted in two environments: VR photography studio, and computer-based 3D rendering program. 15 participants were divided into an experimental group (VR photography studio running in Meta Quest 3) and a control group (Keyshot on Windows 10). The VR studio was created using an existing VR sandbox game programmed in the Unity framework to simulate a real-world photography studio. The studio interface was designed to be user-friendly. Experimental records comprised pretest and posttest results, time taken for the tests, and participants’ feedback. On the basis of the experimental results, we reached three conclusions: (1) Even in a foundational course, integrating photography lighting knowledge into 3D rendering processes can improve students’ efficiency in product rendering and the quality of the rendered products. (2) Combining the advantages of spatial immersion and data-driven lighting adjustments, the VR photography studio integrates physical photography and 3D rendering. This integration facilitates the smooth application of lighting principles in real-world settings, and the engaging nature of VR enhances students’ willingness to learn. (3) Further development of 3D rendering software to enable direct lighting manipulation in a VR environment can greatly enhance the precision of rendering tasks.