Power Amplifier Topologies for Functional Electrical Stimulation: A Comparison Between Howland Current Source and Wilson Current Mirror
摘要
This paper compares two power amplifier topologies for Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) systems aimed at rehabilitating lower limbs affected by Foot Drop (FD), a common neuro-motor condition after Stroke. The research investigates the effectiveness of the current control strategies employed in the Howland Current Source and the Wilson Current Mirror, aiming to identify which provides better performance and efficiency for this specific application. Through simulations in LTSPICE, the performance, linearity, and stability characteristics of these two topologies were evaluated. The results indicate that the Wilson Current Mirror exhibits better linearity and operating range than the Howland Current Source and more consistent stability in load dependency. Both topologies are viable for use in FES systems, but the choice between them will depend on considerations such as cost, board size, and simplicity of implementation. This study provides valuable insights for developing output stages for FES systems, potentially impacting the quality of life of post-stroke FD patients.