Ultrasonography is an essential tool in the medical area because it is a non-invasive and non-ionizing technique. Furthermore, its real-time visualization capability and low cost compared to other techniques make it one of the main options for aiding diagnosis. Thus, this study addresses a system for acquiring ultrasound signals using data from phantoms simulating the calcaneal region through two-dimensional matrix transducers. The data were processed to obtain quantitative parameters such as speed of sound (SOS), specific attenuation, and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA). The system architecture consists of a Cyclone III FPGA with EP3C120 processor, an Olympus 5077PR pulser/receiver, an interface board containing circuits for transmission and reception, an AFE5805 kit, an ADSDeSer-50EVM board, and two bidimensional array transducers with 132 elements and a central frequency of 500 \(kHz\) (AT23145 Blatek), operating in transmission-reception mode. Processing algorithms such as filtering (moving average window), envelope detection of the received signal (Hilbert Transform), and frequency spectrum analysis (Fourier Transform) were implemented in the MATLAB environment. Two CIRS phantoms (M6301-QUS-338–2, simulating normal tissue, and M6302-QUS-337-1, simulating osteoporotic tissue) were used. The results of the proposed system presented a speed of 1568.41 ± 9.99 \(\text {m/s}\) , BUA of 60.85 ± 4.56 \(\text {dB/MHz}\) , and Specific Attenuation of 23.89 ± 0.23 \(\text {dB/cm.MHz}\) for the M6301 phantom, a speed of 1536.09 ± 6.19 \(\text {m/s}\) , BUA of 50.85 ± 13.29 \(\text {dB/MHz}\) , and Specific Attenuation of 35.82 ± 0.34 \(\text {dB/cm.MHz}\) for the M6302 model. The developed system successfully captured low-voltage ultrasound signals, enabling characterization of biological materials through parameters like SOS, specific attenuation, and BUA, showcasing its potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for osteoporosis fracture risk assessment.