The effective design of optical instruments for lung diagnostics is key to the early detection of pathological changes, leading to improved patient outcomes. A well-structured experimental setup in lung tissue optics is important because it informs the design of diagnostic tools. This study investigates how the optical properties of porcine lung are influenced by the light source’s position and the presence of anatomical structures such as the bronchial wall and pleura. To facilitate these optical measurements, we developed a cost-effective, simple method for assessing the spectral attenuation and transmittance of tissues, validated by comparison with the literature.