In the conditions of Industry 4.0., technological progress is the main vector of industry development. The energy industry of the state is rapidly progressing, primarily due to the formation of new generation smart energy grids coming from advanced two-way communications between grid elements, power plants, storage sources and consumers (Smart Grid). However, the new energy concept of energy transmission and distribution is associated with certain risks. There is an increase in cybersecurity threats due to the increasing computerization and intellectualization of the energy sector. In armed conflicts, energy systems in all countries of the world are increasingly exposed not only to cyber but also to external physical attacks, including those using advanced technologies (e.g., drones). Since the national security of a country depends on the functioning of such systems, the issues of timely suppression of such attacks and identification of the perpetrators are becoming more relevant. No less important is the aspect of quality staffing of energy security facilities. The use of modern technologies should be aimed at timely identification of persons with criminal activity and suppression of their access to information and work in this area to minimize the risks of threats to national security. World experience testifies to the effectiveness of conducting polygraph examinations for this purpose in personnel management.