Starch-based nanocomposites have become viable alternatives to petroleum-based plastics in food packaging due to the surge in demand for sustainable and environment friendly materials. A comprehensive overview of starch is provided in this chapter, emphasizing its natural abundance, renewability, and film-forming properties. The insufficiency of mechanical strength as well as high water sensitivity of pure starch films render them unsuitable for food packaging applications. Starch-based nanocomposites have been identified as promising materials to address these challenges by incorporating nanofillers like cellulose nanofibers, clay nanoparticles, metal oxides, and biopolymer blends. A variety of structural modifications and nanomaterial reinforcements are explored in this chapter. They also possess antimicrobial, oxygen, and moisture barriers, which are critical to lengthening the viability duration of packaged foods. Furthermore, starch-based composites also ensure food quality and safety while reducing plastic waste.