Coffee, the most consumed beverage around the world, has been carefully studied for decades for its health effects. Many studies have been done to find the link between coffee and cancer. Coffee is the most consumed beverage, and knowing its effect on cancer has many effects. This affects the food choices and lifestyles of people in different populations. Recent studies show a complex relationship between coffee consumption and cancer. Evidence suggests that caffeine protects against some types of cancer but increases the risk of other types of cancer. The purpose of this chapter is to review the latest research on coffee and cancer, examining the epidemiological evidence, the mechanisms of action, and the types of cancer involved. It also addresses common misconceptions, examines the role of coffee compounds such as antioxidants and polyphenols, and discusses how coffee consumption can fit into general cancer prevention strategies and lifestyle considerations.