Lactation is a vital period for both maternal and infant health, yet the influence of coffee consumption on lactation remains a topic of significant interest. This chapter explores the relationship between coffee intake and lactation, considering its physiological and hormonal aspects. Specifically, the impact of caffeine, the primary component of coffee, on lactation is examined, including its transfer into breast milk and potential effects on infant health. Current guidelines and recommendations regarding coffee consumption during lactation are summarized, emphasizing the importance of moderation. While research findings provide valuable insights, further investigation is needed to establish definitive guidelines for caffeine intake during lactation to optimize health outcomes for both breastfeeding mothers and their infants.