Kidney stones are crystalline masses that can form in various parts of the urinary tract, leading to nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis. Contributing factors to stone formation include dietary habits, certain systemic disorders, and urinary tract diseases. Kidney stones are more common in men than in women, with the highest incidence occurring in the 6th and 7th decades of life. The global incidence rate of urolithiasis is 1269.8 per 100,000 population (SD: 677.2), with significant regional variations. Observational studies conducted over the past two decades have confirmed an inverse association between coffee or caffeine consumption and the risk of kidney stone formation. However, a slight increase in the risk of calcium oxalate stone formation cannot be completely ruled out. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses show a lower risk of nephrolithiasis in individuals with high coffee or caffeine consumption compared to those with low intake. However, the authors of these studies noted potential limitations in the analysis and concluded that the results should be interpreted with caution, and should not be considered definitive.