MXenes, a novel class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, have garnered significant attention within materials science and engineering due to their unique properties. These materials boast robust mechanical structures, chemical stability, and high electrical conductivity, making them ideal for various applications, particularly in corrosion science. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the development of MXenes and their distinctive attributes that contribute to corrosion mitigation. It details the synthesis methods of MXenes, highlighting key advancements and strategies for tailoring their properties for specific corrosion-resistant applications. Furthermore, the interaction of MXenes with corrosive environments is explored, focusing on their atomic and molecular mechanisms of defences. The review also discusses methods for enhancing the corrosion resistance of coatings, composites, and other materials through the integration of MXenes. Finally, we discuss ongoing challenges and future prospects for leveraging MXenes as unique 2D-functionalized nanomaterials in corrosion prevention, paving the way for innovative solutions in corrosion science and engineering.