Chapter 4 covers distinctive signs, in particular the two categories most relevant in international agreements, i.e., trademarks and geographical indications. In addition, it briefly addresses other types of distinctive signs, namely domain names, distinctive products and trade names. The chapter discusses in detail the conflict between trademark and geographical indication provisions in different free trade agreements and provides many examples for the challenge this conflict created for the Central American countries during the implementation of CAFTA-DR and the FTAs with the EU.