Since the 2008 financial crisis, various processes have signalled the end of neoliberal globalization (Cox & Nilsen, 2014). During this period, market power and neoliberal globalization have been increasingly subordinated to state aims (Harmes, 2012; Hendrikse, 2018; Peck, 2010). This shift has coincided with global democratic decline (Brown, 2019; Crouch, 2004), marked by the rise of populist anti-democratic governments and leaders like Trump, Modi, and Dueterte, as well as the growth of xenophobic nationalist movements like the Proud Boys in the US and the Brexit campaign in Britain, and far right parties like Alternative for Germany and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) in India. Collectively, these processes herald the return of sovereign states asserting their legal right to ensure their own continued existence through unfettered expressions of power and violence (Paris, 2020). Consequently, states have intensified both state-building activities and violent suppression of minoritized groups, especially those involved in resistance movements (Roche & Kruk, 2024).