Infectious diseases remain a significant global health challenge, exacerbated by the rise of antimicrobial resistance and the limitations of conventional drug delivery approaches. This chapter examines the potential of cell membrane engineering to enhance drug delivery strategies for combating infectious diseases. By harnessing the natural characteristics of cell membranes, researchers have developed innovative cell membrane-based nanocarriers, such as cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CMC-NPs). These biomimetic therapeutic nanoplatforms offer enhanced biocompatibility, stability, targeted delivery, immune evasion, and treatment effectiveness, addressing critical challenges in treating infectious diseases. The chapter explores the design and fabrication of CMC-NPs, including membrane extraction and coating techniques, and classifies them into two main types: singular-sourced and hybrid CMC-NPs. It provides a detailed discussion of the drug delivery mechanisms and highlights their potential applications in treating bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the challenges of scalability, heterogeneity, and immune responses while outlining future directions for optimizing drug loading, release, and clinical translation. By integrating cutting-edge nanotechnology with biological principles, cell membrane-engineered nanoplatforms hold promises to transform the treatment of infectious diseases and improve global health outcomes.