In the field of education, AI has brought about a series of significant impacts on traditional education and learning models. Investigating the factors that influence the application of AI in education and learning is essential for effectively promoting the integration of AI with education. This paper, through a systematic literature review, examines the research trends on the acceptance of AI-assisted education from 2020 to 2024, focusing on studies that applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and its extended versions. The aim is to uncover the trends in AI technology applications in education, identify the core variables in these studies, and highlight the key factors that influence students’ acceptance of AI. Through a systematic analysis of 28 selected articles, we found that chatbots, particularly ChatGPT, have become a key research focus. Furthermore, TAM is the most widely used model in this literature, with Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) being the core factors influencing students’ acceptance of AI technology. Additionally, the study revealed key pathways proposed in these articles and identified the significant impact of emotional factors on technology acceptance. This paper provides theoretical support for AI research in the field of education and offers new perspectives and directions for future studies.