This second chapter aims mainly to provide an exhaustive overview of research techniques and methodologies used for measuring financial literacy. Financial literacy is indeed measured with various tools, employed in surveys and scientific studies. These tools are analyzed together with their advantages and limitations. In addition, the chapter is focused on typical problems affecting financial literacy measurements and studies such as measurement errors and other endogeneity issues, and discusses the main strategies to solve them, specifically referring to instrumental variables. Finally, critical aspects of traditional research approaches and alternative perspectives are discussed and analyzed.