This chapter examines the antiquity of the rock paintings at Monte Alegre, particularly at the western end of the Serra. Noted historical figures, Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Frederick Hartt, traveled to the hills and examined the art in the late nineteenth century. They recorded artwork featuring a variety of figures, including animals, geometric shapes, and complex forms, predominantly executed in red paint. Both particularly commented on the sun, moon, star, and comet resemblances they discerned first-hand, confirmed by the site names used by the local informants and native guides. Some graffiti next to the art dates to the early 1770s, indicating prior European travelers observed the same paintings, which were believed to predate the Tupi occupation of the region. Historical accounts suggest these artworks may have been produced by earlier tribes with advanced religious concepts, contrasting with the worship practices of contact-period Brazilian Indian groups in the seventeenth to nineteenth century.