This chapter examines the origins of sun and moon worship among early Paleoindian South American cultures, in comparison with the rock art and archaeological findings at Monte Alegre. Disruptions in contact-period records reveal imprecise references to local populations, while missionary accounts suggest a continuity of artistic traditions. The rock art analysis in the previous chapters connects radiocarbon dating to climate changes, theorizing how these conditions may have motivated early human migration. Additionally, it explores motifs in rock art that likely signify solar observations and seasonal changes. This evidence positions rock art as a critical tool for understanding environmental interactions and cultural practices at the beginning of the Younger Dryas period, providing new insights about the comet-impact hypothesis.