Biodiversity loss represents one of humanity’s most pressing environmental challenges, with potentially catastrophic consequences for ecosystem services, food security, and human well-being. This chapter examines how artificial intelligence (AI) can transform biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management through enhanced monitoring capabilities, predictive analytics, and decision support tools. Drawing on empirical evidence and case studies from terrestrial, marine, and freshwater contexts, we analyze AI applications in species identification, habitat monitoring, anti-poaching efforts, and climate resilience. The chapter addresses ethical considerations unique to conservation applications of AI, including data sovereignty, indigenous knowledge integration, and equity concerns. Through rigorous assessment of implementation challenges, success factors, and emerging approaches, we provide a comprehensive framework for leveraging AI technologies to protect biodiversity while ensuring these applications remain ethical, inclusive, and effective across diverse global contexts.