This study investigates the synthesis of chitosan from tilapia fish scales using microwave-assisted methods—demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation—as a sustainable catalyst for biodiesel production. Microwave-assisted synthesis accelerated the extraction of chitosan from fish scales, reducing both processing times and energy consumption compared to conventional methods. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed characteristic absorption peaks at 3289.4 cm−1 and 3263.3 cm−1, indicating O–H and N–H stretching, confirming the presence of amino and hydroxyl groups. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis at 1200x magnification showed a thick, nonporous structure with a rough surface and surface irregularities, consistent with previous studies on chitosan synthesized from fish scales. Financial constraints during the time of doing the study limited the characterization of extracted chitin, impacting a full comparison of precursor and product morphologies. Despite these limitations, the findings emphasize the potential of microwave-assisted chitosan synthesis from tilapia fish scales as a promising and sustainable catalyst.