Gelanghe Hani attire is a highly representative part of the Chinese Hani culture, known for its unique patterns, exquisite craftsmanship, and rich colors. These garments not only reflect the cultural essence of the Hani people but also embody traditional Chinese aesthetic concepts. With the advancement of modernization, although specific color values may have changed, the overall color relationships have been preserved. In this paper, we focus on the upper garments of the Gelanghe Hani, using image files processed with bilateral filtering denoising to extract and analyze clothing colors. Through the K-means algorithm, we re-cluster the refined colors from the images to obtain five primary and ten secondary representative colors of the branch. We analyze the color distribution of the Gelanghe Hani ethnic upper garments under the HSV color space and use the Apriori algorithm to mine the color pairing rules of this branch’s garments, establishing their corresponding color network. The results indicate that the upper garments of Hani in the Gelanghe region predominantly feature shades of purple with medium to low saturation and brightness. The colors used for the patterns on these garments are in stark contrast to the main colors, primarily featuring shades of red and blue with medium to high saturation and brightness. By summarizing the color language of different Hani branches’ attire, we provide a basis and foundation for the inheritance and protection of traditional Hani costumes, as well as references and inspirations for their innovative transformation.