Metabolic control is an intricate process in eukaryotes that emphasizes the integration and regulation of metabolic pathways through genetic, biochemical, and cellular mechanisms. Adaptation of metabolism is the response of the eukaryotic cells to various types of nutrient heterogeneity existing within the microenvironment of the cells. The shift of the respiratory to the fermentive metabolism is known as Warburg/Crabree effect. It examines critical aspects such as glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism along with the roles of signalling pathways, transcriptional networks, and epigenetic modifiers in regulating these processes. Diet, physical activities, and therapeutic strategies involving epigenetic modifiers play an important role in regulating metabolism. The interplay between metabolism and disease, including cancer, obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, highlights the potential for targeted interventions to improve metabolic health. Insights from metabolic engineering and regulatory mechanisms underscore the importance of a holistic understanding of metabolic networks to address current and future challenges in biomedical science.