Who Counts as a Whistleblower? Legal and Academic Debates in France and the United States
摘要
Who gets to decide who can be labeled as a whistleblower and under which conditions? Recent scholarship has demonstrated that not everyone is granted the status of “valid truth-teller” as gender, race, class, and other dimensions are likely to distinguish whistleblowers. As Lida Maxwell writes concerning Chelsea Manning, “someone who, because she appears queer and improperly gendered, […] cannot be heard as a meaningful, proper public speaker” (Maxwell, 2019). This aspect is a key in whistleblowing accounts, as judicial protection can be granted to those who fit the regulator’s definition. As we already know, whistleblowing is a relational process (Contu, Journal of Management Inquiry 393–406, 2014), and those who listen to whistleblowers take an important part in deciding who and what is meaningful and worth listening to.