This chapter examines ways in which social psychology can advance understanding of the institution of science. I argue that social psychology provides tools for understanding the organizational structure of science and its cultural representation. Concerning science’s organizational structure, social psychological theories of identity and of self-perception help to explain how scientists, engineers, and other knowledge workers select into and advance through scientific careers. This includes studying how scientists and other knowledge workers are socialized, how they interact, and how they are stratified. In doing so, social psychology can provide a micro-foundational account of scientific organizations and institutions. Concerning science’s cultural representation, social psychology helps to explain how meaning is attached to science as an abstract system, how it is interpreted by individuals, and how it is used as a basis of social action. On this front, research from social and cognitive psychology has increasingly aligned with sociological research into culture and cognition. Altogether, insights from social psychology provide new opportunities to integrate macro, meso, and micro perspectives on science and, in turn, provide a more complete understanding of the role that it plays in society.