The Srirampur missionaries were also interested in the sciences of botany, horticulture and agriculture, another way in which plants marked their conceptualization of the “moral frontier.” In this chapter, I investigate the botanical collection work performed by William Carey, into which he drew some other missionaries. Through this work he forged many connections between the mission and other English botanists and collectors, as well as the Company Botanical Garden at Shibpur. In this way, the missionary idea of the “moral frontier” entangled with the non-missionary world. Botanical science not only made the frontier known, but also upheld social hierarchies, since Carey used it to identify “gentlemen” in the Indian context. Similarly, Carey started his own personal botanical garden at the Srirampur station as a way to perform social status. The missionaries also published a variety of articles on Indian agriculture. These had two goals: to make the agricultural practices of India known and to use “European knowledge” to propose methods for “improvement.” I contrast some of this missionary literature with the writings of Radhakanta Deb published by the AHSI. Deb appropriated some aspects of this project of “agricultural improvement” while also translating and transforming them.