This chapter provides an overview of health research in the Caribbean, its impact and the factors contributing to its growth and development. Examples of noteworthy contributions by outstanding individuals and research institutes are given. The scope and quality of health research in the Caribbean have grown considerably over the years. Much of this is due to the establishment of the Faculty of Medicine of the University College of the West Indies at Mona, Jamaica, in 1948 and the subsequent formation and expansion of the University of the West Indies and especially its research institutes, such as the Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, the Sickle Cell Unit, the Epidemiology Research Unit, the Chronic Disease Centre, the Tropical Medicine Research Institute and the Caribbean Institute for Health Research. The health research conducted in the Caribbean has made a considerable contribution to scientific knowledge and improvement in the health of people in the Caribbean and globally.