The global growth of telecommunications has driven the expansion of fiber optic networks, which are essential for ensuring high-quality services. In Latin America, infrastructure development has often lacked proper planning, resulting in high costs and visual pollution. In cities like Guayaquil - Ecuador, the fiber network has expanded disorderly, highlighting the need for solutions that enhance its efficiency and documentation. This study proposes cost and coverage optimization through a Geographic Information System. A Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GEPON) network was designed following a quantitative, non-experimental approach, leveraging technological tools to maximize efficiency. The methodology involved geospatial planning to map and distribute nodes and routes optimally. The materials used included ArcGIS 10.8, cartographic data from the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses Ecuador, and ESRI data models. The study covered 28,943 blocks, achieving network coverage in 21,893 after deployment. A total of 22,300 utility poles were analyzed, applying frequency statistics and key performance indicators. The infrastructure incorporated fiber optics, distribution boxes, splitters, and Multiprotocol Label Switching to enhance connectivity. As a result, 111 standard nodes and six aggregator nodes were installed, reducing repair times from 5–6 h to 3 h. The implementation of GIS facilitated network documentation, cost optimization, and improved operational efficiency, proving to be an effective method for telecommunications management and future expansion planning.