Measuring Status and Expectation States
摘要
Social psychologists have a few basic aims when researching status: (1) cataloguing status characteristics, (2) studying how status characteristics shape group organization, and (3) disrupting status inequality. While the leading approach to status processes, expectation states theory, usually favors examining behavioral outcomes, like social influence, it is often necessary to solicit explicit beliefs about status—a person’s social honor and esteem relative to others—and performance expectations—a person’s expected relative contribution to task success. Because these two concepts are so closely related, it may be difficult to pose questionnaire items that independently measure each concept. We factor analyze data from two experiments to identify questions that accomplish this goal. Such items are useful in situations where researchers (1) expect a mismatch between status and performance expectations, (2) require a manipulation check, or (3) otherwise need to explicitly evaluate beliefs about status and task-relevant competence.