Development of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, Entrepreneurial Intention and Entrepreneurship Education Success Items: A Delphi Technique
摘要
This paper uses the Delphi technique to examine the development of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), entrepreneurial intention (EI) and the role of entrepreneurship education success (EES) items through expert consensus. Given the wide variations in educational and entrepreneurial contexts, the research problem centres on the ambiguity in determining critical factors that shape ESE, EI and EES. A Delphi study was conducted with experts to achieve a consensus on these key items. The iterative process involved multiple rounds of surveys and feedback, refining the success criteria and intention indicators based on expert opinions. Reliability analysis was computed using Smart PLS-SEM version 4.1.0.3, and the constructs’ validity was assessed through convergent and discriminant validity assessments. The results validated that the developed items meet internal reliability and validity criteria. Key findings from the Delphi technique revealed several success factors, including the need for experiential learning, mentorship, and a supportive entrepreneurial ecosystem. Personal attributes such as self-efficacy, risk-taking propensity, and innovation mindset were vital in cultivating entrepreneurial intention. The study’s consensus helped define a framework for measuring the success of entrepreneurship education and its impact on fostering entrepreneurial mindsets. In conclusion, the Delphi method successfully identified critical elements of entrepreneurial education that contribute to developing entrepreneurial intention, emphasising the importance of practical exposure, mentorship, and personal skill development. The paper provide a solid foundation for improving entrepreneurship curricula and assessment methods, ensuring the alignment of education with entrepreneurial success outcomes.