After the 2003 intervention in Iraq, the Church of England continued to debate successive Middle East crises, with the majority view for some time tending to oppose military action in almost any circumstances, though the atrocities carried out by Islamic State in 2013–14 changed some minds. In February 2022, the Russian invasion of Ukraine presented a new challenge, and within the church leadership and General Synod there was widespread criticism of the Kremlin’s actions and remarkably little negative discussion of Britain’s decision to support militarily the Ukrainian attempt to repel Russia. After a brief discussion of these developments, the rest of the conclusion draws together the various themes raised in the book regarding the positions taken by ‘the church’ on the use of force, how it sought to engage in public debate on the issues, and whether its influence has gone beyond debate to influencing opinion and policy.