The university’s functions include education, research and innovation, and community engagement. To achieve its goals the university must collaborate with various sectors of the society, including the industry. University-industry collaboration (UIC) is pivotal for the generation and funding of innovations for societal benefit. The UIC discourse has emerged as a strategic necessity for driving economic growth and development. The best-ranked universities globally have strong partnerships with industry, which helps to accelerate economic growth. The situation in Africa is unclear. This chapter explores the complex nature of UIC in Africa and suggests a road map to improve the current situation. The chapter describes the various types of collaborations globally and in Africa, and sheds light on the facilitators and potential challenges to successful UIC in Africa. Finally, the chapter provides valuable insights for stakeholders and policymakers at both university and industry to foster stronger and more impactful UIC.