Internationalization is one of the main phenomena behind some of the key developments in higher education in Africa today. Though internationalization is not new to Africa’s higher education, in the past couple of years, it has impacted Africa’s higher education system in various and unprecedented ways. While internationalization has presented several opportunities to African universities, it has at the same time confronted them with varied challenges and even risks leading to questions whether internationalization is working for them. African universities engage with internationalization for various reasons but mainly to strengthen their institutional capacities for research, knowledge production and innovation. Compared to other world regions, research production from Africa has remained low, at a paltry 2% of the global knowledge production. Postgraduate and research have been identified as critical for turning around Africa’s research and knowledge production to respond to the growing challenges facing the region. Internationalization is thus one of the adaptive strategies by African universities to enhance postgraduate training and research and to reorient higher education to be locally relevant to the challenges facing their societies. This chapter explores and analyses the significance of internationalization in enhancing research and postgraduate training in African universities. It highlights some of the recent developments in internationalization in Africa and their impact on research and postgraduate training. The chapter concludes with some considerations on how the efforts of international partners could be strategically coordinated for better outcomes in research and postgraduate training in Africa.