Mining provides essential commodities but impacts the environment. Integrating environmental and social considerations into mine closure planning is crucial. New regulations require detailed closure plans outlining site conditions, actions to be taken, costs, and financial assurances to secure funding. In Brazil, deviations from closure plans are common. Regulators are now mandating comprehensive plans that cover decommissioning, rehabilitation, and post-closure activities. These plans must include standardized risk assessments for biological, physical, and chemical stability, focusing on emission prevention and acid drainage. Groundwater geochemistry, especially acid drainage, is critical.