Omega-3 fatty acids are the crucial nutrients aimed at providing positive health benefits and helping in mitigating the cardiovascular disease risks, cognitive malfunctions, and neurodegenerative diseases. In aquaculture, these fatty acids are engaged in dual functionality by enhancing the fish’s growth and health as well as considerably enhancing the nutritional quality of fish for human consumption. Thus, aquaculture becomes an important contributor to helping fulfill the growing global demand for omega-3-rich diets. Conventional sources of fishmeal and fish oil for aquaculture feeds are production limited and unsustainable, therefore leading to an urgent need for substitute sources of omega-3, like algae, plant-based oils, or genetically modified crops. The incorporation of such sources in aquafeeds supports sustainable aquaculture and provides high-quality, rich omega-3 to meet the fundamental needs for human health. Research has consistently demonstrated that omega-3 consumption can lower heart disease risk by reducing blood triglycerides, lowering blood pressure, and improving overall cholesterol levels. This chapter explores the dynamic interplay between aquaculture nutrition and public health, shedding light on the strategic feed formulations to improve fish health and boost the omega-3 content in the farmed fish. Aquaculture can continue to bridge the gap between environmental conservation and global health by advancing sustainable feed solutions, thus reinforcing its role for future food security.