In today’s rapidly changing urban environment, studying urban inhabitants’ quality of life (QoL) is paramount due to numerous socio-cultural and socio-economic factors. Recognizing its broader perspective, we recognize that urban social sustainability (USS) significantly affects city inhabitants’ QoL—presenting substantial research potential. In this context, the study investigates the complexities of USS and its relationship to QoL in the Saurashtra region. Following a thorough literature review, the study introduces the Integrated QoL-USS Framework, which augments the existing USS framework by incorporating essential QoL dimensions. This study utilized exploratory factor analysis (EFA), descriptive statistics, and ordinary least squares regression methods for the conclusion and discussion, which shows the intricate interplay among various USS dimensions and their shared contribution to enhancing QoL. The EFA results, with eigenvalues ranging from 2.431 to 3.057 and variance between 60.781% and 76.419%, validate the model’s capacity to capture the multifaceted aspects of urban life. A high Cronbach’s alpha value 0.7 confirms the internal consistency and reliability of the factors. This study clarifies the relationship between USS and QoL by highlighting key urban sustainability indicators and suggesting alternative strategies for improving urban living, enriching the dialogue on sustainable development, and offering insights for creating inclusive, resilient, livable cities.