Coastal cities around the world are facing increasing vulnerability to climate change-induced disasters, which calls for strong urban resilience strategies. In India, densely populated coastal towns are particularly at risk from rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Mumbai, as India’s most densely populated coastal city, needs to urgently tackle these climate challenges for long-term sustainability, especially in terms of flood resilience and mitigating the UHI effect. This paper reviews reports from the Mumbai Municipal Corporation on flood risk reduction, with a focus on necessary interventions. The study involves understanding Mumbai’s terrain and flood-prone areas and proposes interventions based on secondary datasets and interactions with government officials. It evaluates the feasibility of climate-resilient solutions, particularly Nature Based Solutions (NBS), within existing financial and institutional structures. The conclusions highlight the importance of NBS for improving urban resilience. Despite significant post-2005 flood investments, projects targeting flood risk reduction remain limited. The study addresses three main questions: the available measures and resources for Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to develop flood-resilient urban areas; the efforts and impacts of implementing these measures; and the viability of integrating NBS into Mumbai’s coastal planning. The recommendations include improving access to planning tools, financial resources, and institutional support to effectively address climate issues. This review compilation offers insights into enhancing coastal urban resilience and provides guidance for future climate-resilient infrastructure projects.