When dealing with a digital service, it is often necessary to compare hashes manually to certify the integrity of data. This study evaluates two alternative encodings - emoji sequences and word sequences - to improve the usability of integrity checks. We conducted a web-based user study to assess participants’ ability to recognize attacks, collecting insights from both a pilot test and then a main test. Results show that users achieved over 70% accuracy in anomaly detection, demonstrating the potential of these encodings to enhance verifiability while maintaining usability.

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E-Voting with Confidence: Usability Challenges in Manual Integrity Checks

  • Simone Brunello,
  • Laura Cristiano,
  • Riccardo Longo,
  • Chiara Spadafora

摘要

When dealing with a digital service, it is often necessary to compare hashes manually to certify the integrity of data. This study evaluates two alternative encodings - emoji sequences and word sequences - to improve the usability of integrity checks. We conducted a web-based user study to assess participants’ ability to recognize attacks, collecting insights from both a pilot test and then a main test. Results show that users achieved over 70% accuracy in anomaly detection, demonstrating the potential of these encodings to enhance verifiability while maintaining usability.