The developments in geopolymers made possible by the alkaline activation of industrial by-products for use in building construction are thoroughly reviewed in this paper. With an emphasis on their fresh and hardened properties, the microstructural characteristics, and their bonding qualities and mechanical performance, it examines the properties of pastes, mortars, and concrete based on geopolymers. This research presents an overview of the previous works carried out on different supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) into the geopolymer materials. The workability, setting time, strength of geopolymers based on different by-products as well as comparison between grinding effect of the by-products and their effects in geopolymer products have been highlighted. This chapter summarizes the effects of incorporating various by-products on pozzolanic reaction, microstructure, mechanical and bond strength characteristics of paste/mortar and concrete. The performance of geopolymer composites has been reported to be comparable with the conventional repair materials. Furthermore, the research findings revealed that geopolymer composites reinforced with various agro-based supplementary cementitious materials show the potential and can be used in concrete applications. Sustainability of the structures can be achieved through the geopolymer repair material which could be used for the defective components of the structures. Overall, development of high strength and high performance geopolymer product would reduce the maintenance cost and also gives a longer service life.